Hyperpigmentation Explained: Why Dark Spots Form on Melanin-Rich Skin

Hyperpigmentation means patches of skin that are darker than the skin around them. It is not a sign of dirty skin or poor hygiene. It happens when skin cells produce extra melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour.

The main types

• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH): dark marks left after a pimple, cut, rash or irritation.
• Melasma: larger patches, often on the cheeks, forehead or upper lip. It is linked to hormones and sun exposure and usually needs a medical assessment.
• Sun spots: flat marks from cumulative UV exposure.

Why melanin-rich skin is more prone

Skin with more melanin tends to respond to inflammation with more pigment. This is why a small scratch or breakout can leave a mark that lasts for months. It is not your fault, and it is treatable with patience and consistent care.

What helps

Daily sunscreen, avoiding picking, gentle cleansing and proven brightening ingredients all help. Ingredients commonly used for pigmentation include niacinamide, azelaic acid and vitamin C. Read our guides on each one to choose what suits you.

What does not help

Bleaching creams with unknown ingredients, mercury-containing products and harsh peels can cause serious skin damage and rebound darkening. Avoid anything that promises fast, permanent lightening.

See a professional if

• Patches are spreading or changing
• You are unsure what the mark is
• Care has not helped after several months

General education only. Do not self-diagnose. A qualified healthcare professional can assess your skin.